What Does Foot Deodorant Do? - Feet First Clinic (2025)

March 20, 2025

Ram’s horn toenails? Sounds like a serious foot issue! And it is—this condition, medically known as onychogryphosis, causes thickened, curved nails that can become painful and difficult to manage over time. It doesn’t just affect nail appearance; it can lead to discomfort, infection, and mobility issues if left untreated. Fortunately, onychogryphosis treatment options from a chiropodist or podiatrist are available to help you manage comfort and nail health.What Are Ram’s Horn Toenails? View this post on Instagram A post shared by Feet First Clinic (@feetfirstclinic_)Ram’s horn toenails (onychogryphosis), one of the many types of toenail conditions, is classified as a nail disorder or nail disease where the toenail becomes extremely thick, abnormally curved, and overgrown, often resembling the spiraled shape of a ram’s horn. This happens because the nail plate—made of keratin—grows unevenly due to disruptions in the nail matrix, the part of the nail bed responsible for new cell production. Instead of growing outward smoothly, the nail thickens, hardens, and may curl or twist due to uneven pressure and irregular cell turnover. They have a similar appearance to a severe fungal toenail infection.The texture of a ram’s horn toenail is usually rough, ridged, and extremely hard, making it difficult to trim with standard nail clippers. Over time, the nail can develop a yellowish, brownish, or even grayish hue due to keratin buildup and potential fungal infections. In severe cases, the nail may grow so long and misshapen that it presses into the surrounding skin, causing pain, tenderness, and difficulty wearing shoes or walking comfortably. Because the thickened nail loses its normal flexibility, it can crack or split, increasing the risk of infection.The appearance of onychogryphosis can also cause low self esteem, and make it difficult to find shoes that accommodate their size and abnormal shape.Although onychogryphosis most commonly affects the big toe, it can develop on others as well. It tends to progress gradually, meaning that early signs—such as mild thickening or slight discoloration—can go unnoticed until the nail has significantly changed in shape and texture.Causes of Ram’s Horn Toenailshttps://www.youtube.com/shorts/3JAUqiqJfusThese toenails do not generally form spontaneously without an underlying cause or risk factor. Let’s take a look at what generally causes this nail disorder.Risk Factors for Ram’s Horn ToenailsTrauma and Ill-Fitting FootwearRepeated or acute trauma to the toenail can disrupt normal nail growth, leading to thickening and deformation. Continuous pressure and friction, such as from ill-fitting footwear, can cause microtrauma to the nail bed, contributing to the development of onychogryphosis. Essentially, the toenail thickens and starts growing in a different direction to protect itself. AgeIn general, our feet become more vulnerable with age due to several physiological changes that can occur, which can predispose us to onychogryphosis. For instance, reduced peripheral circulation, common in older adults, impairs blood flow to the extremities, leading to diminished oxygen and nutrient delivery to the nails. This alters the nail's natural growth process, causing nails to grow slower and nail cells to pile up on top of each other (rather than growing out). As a result, they thicken and can change shape. Additionally, decreased mobility in the elderly may lead to inadequate foot care, contributing to nail abnormalities.https://www.youtube.com/shorts/gEi59gq5g54DiabetesDiabetes significantly increases the risk of developing onychogryphosis, particularly due to the effects of diabetic neuropathy. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy reduces sensation in the feet, so individuals may not notice pressure, injuries, or trauma to the toenails, which can lead to deformities like onychogryphosis. Without the ability to feel discomfort, they may unintentionally cause damage to the nail, leading to thickening, curling, and other changes associated with the condition. Additionally, poor circulation caused by diabetes can impede healthy nail growth, making the nails more prone to abnormalities.Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD)As already discussed, poor circulation affects the nail growth process and can lead to nail deformities. In particular, peripheral vascular disease involves the narrowing of peripheral arteries, reducing blood flow to the limbs. The diminished circulation can cause various symptoms, including slow or unusual nail growth. Without proper blood flow, the nails may become thickened and misshapen, potentially progressing to onychogryphosis if left untreated.Cognitive ImpairmentRelating back to age as a risk factor, conditions such as dementia can lead to neglected foot care due to cognitive decline. Individuals with dementia may forget or be unable to perform regular foot hygiene practices, increasing the risk of nail deformities like onychogryphosis. Self neglect, or infrequent cutting of toenails for a significant amount for any reason, is also a risk factor.High-Friction Sports and ActivityParticipating in high-friction sports like running, soccer, or ballet can increase the risk of developing onychogryphosis. Repetitive pressure and friction from constant movement or improper footwear during these activities can cause trauma to the toenail, leading to thickening, curling, and potential deformity. Runners, for example, often experience repeated impact on their toenails, particularly the big toe, which can cause them to become damaged or misshapen over time. Additionally, athletes who wear shoes that are too tight or too loose, which cause friction and rubbing, are more likely to develop toenail issues. As is the case with ill-fitting footwear, over time, the nail thickens and changes growth direction in order to protect itself from the repetitive trauma.HyperuricemiaHigh levels of uric acid in the blood is often associated with gout, but it can also contribute to the development of onychogryphosis. Elevated uric acid can lead to the deposition of urate crystals in joints and tissues, including the nails, which can cause inflammation and damage. This buildup may result in nail thickening, distortion, and a rough appearance. While gout primarily affects joints, the condition’s systemic nature can also have an impact on nail healthFungal InfectionsAlso known as onychomycosis, fungal infections cause thickening and nail distortion. These infections often thrive in warm, moist environments and can infiltrate the nail, leading to changes in color, texture, and shape. In diabetic patients, onychomycosis prevalence is notably higher, reaching up to 31.5%, due to factors like elevated blood glucose levels and compromised immune response.Psoriasis / Psoriatic ArthritisPsoriasis or psoriatic arthritis can cause nail changes in roughly half of affected individuals. Proper management of psoriasis through medical treatments can help alleviate these nail changes and improve overall nail health.Treating Ram’s Horn Toenails: Nail Care for Curved Toenailshttps://www.youtube.com/shorts/QFWBwM6mGqMRoutine Professional Nail CareIt’s very important to visit a podiatrist or chiropodist, both types of foot specialists in Ontario, if you have Ram’s horn toenails. This is because it is far too difficult, even dangerous, to manage them yourself. Their thickness, abnormal shape and unsightly appearance and positioning on your foot make it impractical to try cutting them with standard nail clippers, and is not advised.A chiropodist or podiatrist can tend to your nails properly with specialized tools designed to maintain nail disorders. They can also perform toenail debridement, smooth out nail edges, clean out debris, and apply sprays that help with discoloration.Other nail care treatment options may vary depending on the severity of the condition. In more extreme cases, surgical interventions such as nail avulsion—removal of the nail plate—may be considered.If an infection is present, a chiropodist or podiatrist can prescribe the appropriate antifungal or antibacterial treatments to address the underlying cause (you can't treat fungal infections from home).In addition to the specialized care provided by podiatrists and chiropodists, treatment for Ram’s horn toenails can also include regular monitoring to track any changes in the condition. They may suggest specific at-home care practices, such as gentle cleaning and moisturizing, to support the overall health of the nails and surrounding skin. For individuals with chronic conditions, like diabetes, it is especially important to maintain close contact with a foot care specialist to ensure the toenails remain manageable and complications are avoided. Diabetes patients who neglect their foot health can experience severe ulcer formation. OnyfixOnyfix is just one of the many unique ways a foot specialist can help treat curved, curled or Ram's Horn Toenails. It's a non-surgical treatment that involves the placement of a band across the toenail. This band then corrects the nail's growth pattern and shape. It's great for Ram's Horn Toenails because it will help flatten out the toenail on the nail bed and "train" the toenail to grow in the correct direction. Proper Fitting FootwearBut all the treatment in the world won't matter without eliminating one of the most common causes of curved, curled and abnormal toenails: ill-fitting footwear. As we already discussed, ill-fitting footwear causes repetitive trauma on the nailbed, which disrupts the toenail's growth process. Prioritizing footwear that minimizes pressure and allows for adequate toe room to alleviate discomfort and prevent further nail distortion is key. Opting for shoes with a wide toe box provides ample space for the toes to spread naturally, reducing friction and pressure on the affected nails. Shoes may also require extra depth, and orthopedic footwear may be required for sufficient comfort.Featured Photo By PixaBay

March 6, 2025

Figuratively speaking, it’s a good thing to have “thick skin,” right? But if you have palmoplantar keratoderma, it’s a different story. This condition, sometimes shortened to PPK, refers to a group of foot skin disorders characterized by thick, rough, and yellowed skin on the hand palms and feet soles. These conditions can be either inherited or acquired. In today’s article, we’ll explore the symptoms, causes, and, most importantly, the treatment options available. This type of skin thickening may warrant a trip to a foot clinic and the expertise of a foot care professional, such as a chiropodist or podiatrist. However, successful treatment may depend on the underlying cause of the skin thickening.What is Palmoplantar Keratoderma?This condition combines two scientific terms: palmoplantar, which specifically refers to the skin on the soles of the feet and the palms of the hands, and keratoderma, a term for epidermis (skin) thickening. In less common cases, transgradient keratoderma can affect the top of the hands and feet. The feet are usually more severely affected than the hands.Palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) causes thickened skin on the palms and soles due to an overproduction of keratin, the protein that forms the outer layer of the skin. Normally, keratin helps protect the skin from friction, pressure, and environmental damage. However, in PPK, something disrupts the balance of keratin production and shedding, leading to excessive buildup.This happens because of genetic mutations or external factors that affect how skin cells grow and mature. Inherited forms of PPK often involve mutations in genes that control keratin formation or the connections between skin cells. These mutations make the skin cells more resistant to breaking down, so they pile up instead of naturally shedding.Since the palms and soles experience the most pressure and friction in daily life, they are especially prone to this excessive keratin buildup. Over time, the thickened skin can cause pain or become hard and cracked, depending on the severity of the condition. Some types can also cause blisters to form.Types of Palmoplantar Keratoderma and Associated Symptomshttps://www.youtube.com/shorts/-iNFLGednYYGenetic (hereditary) keratoderma is usually divided into three main categories: diffuse, affecting the entire hand palm and foot sole; focal, where thickening is limited to pressure points; and punctate, which appears as small, hard lesions. Some genetic PPKs - particularly diffuse - are syndromic, meaning they are associated with other health conditions and additional symptoms, ranging from hearing loss to nail abnormalities to internal organ damage.Acquired PPK, on the other hand, is always syndromic and develops later in life due to external factors such as infections, inflammatory diseases, or underlying systemic conditions like internal malignancies. Acquired forms may be easier to treat since you and your healthcare team can address the underlying cause. Acquired PPK is also more common than genetic, since there are more causes and risk factors associated with it.Most types of PPK cause varying degrees of thick skin, potential foot odor (as a result of sweat combined with thick skin) and yellow/discoloured skin. Genetic PPK Types and SymptomsDiffuse PPKThis form presents with even thickened skin on the palms and soles, often with a red border at the edges. Symptoms typically appear in early childhood and may include excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis). The thickening is usually confined to the palms and soles, without extending to the tops of the hands or feet.Focal PPKThis type is characterized by linear (striate) thickened areas on the palms and soles, often following the lines of skin tension. It is typically caused by mutations in genes encoding desmosomal proteins, which are crucial for cell adhesion. A specific type of focal PPK called Pachyonychia Congenita is a rare genetic disorder that can also cause thick toenails.Punctate PPKThis form is characterized by multiple small, hard, corn-like lesions scattered on the palms and soles. It is associated with mutations in genes that play a role in skin cell function.Acquired PPK Types and SymptomsPPK from Infections (syphilis, etc)Rough, scaly and yellow thickening on the palms and soles.May come with a rash or other symptoms affecting the whole body.Clears up when the infection is treated.PPK from Inflammatory Skin Conditions (psoriasis, eczema)Thickened, inflamed skin with redness and scaling.Can extend beyond just the palms and soles.Often improves with medicated creams or treatments that calm the immune system.PPK Linked to Other Health Conditions (cancer, hormone disorders)Yellow thickening of the palms and soles that appears suddenly in adulthood.Can sometimes signal an underlying health issue, like cancer.Needs further medical evaluation to check for possible internal diseases.What is the Difference Between Palmoplantar Keratoderma and Calluses?PPK is not the only cause of skin thickening on the feet and hands. In fact, it is more rare than another common culprit: calluses. But how do you know which condition you have?Calluses are localized areas of thickened skin that develop as a protective response to repeated friction or pressure. Commonly found on individuals who are physically active or spend long hours wearing ill-fitting shoes, they are much less severe than PPK.PPK tends to be thicker and more noticeable, alarming and unsightly than calluses, often covering a larger, symmetrical area on the palms and soles. It can appear hard and more yellow, or red and flaky. In some PPK cases, you may observe a red band at the edges of the thickened skin. Calluses can have a more mild appearance (but not always; they can sometimes be thick and painful!), with some people not even realizing they have them.Does that mean that PPK is the same as having excessive calluses? Not exactly. Calluses are only caused by friction and pressure----whereas PPK always has a driving force behind it, whether it's a genetic mutation or the result of an illness. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/yBACD8bUim0Palmoplantar Keratoderma Treatment: Can a Chiropodist or Podiatrist Help?While there is no outright cure for certain forms of PPK, chiropodists and podiatrists can help manage symptoms, reduce discomfort, and improve mobility. This typically involves regular debridement (carefully removing excess skin), possibly prescribing medicinal products, and offering footwear advice to minimize friction and pressure. The latter may also include prescribing custom orthotics to properly distribute pressure on the bottom of the feet, especially if the thickened skin is impacting daily life. Scheduling an initial assessment is a good start!Naturally, since PPK can be linked to an underlying condition, more comprehensive care may be needed. A chiropodist or podiatrist might become a part of a broader team of healthcare professionals that can help you, including a dermatologist, your family doctor or other specialists trained to tackle the root cause. You may need advanced treatments such as topical retinoids, corticosteroids, or even laser therapy in some cases.https://www.youtube.com/shorts/sBIdll7qylQ

February 20, 2025

Toenails are more than just a cosmetic feature; they’re protective shields that provide insight into overall toenail health, general health and well-being. Their shape, texture, and condition can indicate underlying issues, simple genetic traits, or the effects of lifestyle habits. In this article, we will explore the various types of toenails based on shape, thickness, texture, as well as medical and foot conditions.How do Toenails Grow?Nails grow from a specialized area of skin called the nail matrix, located beneath the cuticle at the base of the nail. This matrix contains rapidly dividing cells that produce keratin, a tough protein that forms the structure of the nail. As new cells are generated, older cells are pushed forward, gradually hardening through a process called keratinization.The visible part of the nail, known as the nail plate, rests on the nail bed, which supplies it with nutrients and oxygen through a network of capillaries. The lunula, the pale crescent-shaped area at the base of the nail, is the visible portion of the matrix, where active growth occurs. Healthy nail growth depends on factors like blood circulation, nutrition, and overall health, with fingernails typically growing faster than toenails.You can learn more about toenail anatomy here.Toenail Shapeshttps://www.youtube.com/shorts/Z6VYvI6CJQsToenails can naturally grow in different shapes due to genetic factors, footwear, medical conditions, and nail care routines. Below are some common toenails types (and some not-so-common types as well).1. Normal (Flat or Slightly Curved) ToenailsHealthy toenails are typically flat or slightly curved, with a smooth surface and a light pinkish hue. They are neither too thick nor too brittle and grow evenly without splitting or cracking. If your toenails are entirely white with no pinkish hue, it may indicate anemia.2. Curled ToenailsSome people naturally have curled toenails, where the edges curve gently. This shape is common and generally poses no issues unless the curvature is extreme, leading to a higher risk of ingrown toenails. Toenails that are excessively curled are called involuted toenails. It’s important to note you should never purposely try to round the sides of your toenails with toenail clippers — always cut straight across.3. Square ToenailsSquare toenails are straight across with sharp (but not too sharp!) or slightly rounded corners. This shape is often preferred for reducing the risk of ingrown nails, as it prevents the nail from growing into the surrounding skin. When you trim your nails, or get them trimmed by a specialist like a podiatrist or chiropodist during a medical pedicure, the end result should resemble a square shape on all nails.4. Spoon-Shaped (Koilonychia) ToenailsKoilonychia is a term for spoon-shaped toenails that curve inward, creating a concave appearance. They can be a tell-tale way to discern the difference between healthy toenails vs. unhealthy toenails. This condition may be a sign of iron deficiency, anemia, autoimmune disease, lupus and poor blood flow to the hands and feet. Regular health check-ups and iron-rich diets can help prevent or manage this issue.5. Clubbed ToenailsClubbed toenails are thickened and rounded, often appearing swollen and accompanied by broadening of the tip of the toes. This can be a sign of chronic respiratory or cardiovascular conditions. If toenails appear clubbed, a medical evaluation is recommended.Toenail Thickness & Texturehttps://www.youtube.com/shorts/3JAUqiqJfusThe thickness and texture of toenails can reveal a lot about their health.1. Thickened ToenailsThickened toenails are often due to fungal infections. Thick nails infected with fungus require professional care from a chiropodist or podiatrist for proper maintenance and treatment because the infection is trapped and buried beneath the thickening — you won’t be able to treat it at home successfully. More on fungal infections later!2. Brittle ToenailsBrittle toenails tend to split or crack easily and may be caused by dehydration, prolonged exposure to moisture, or certain medical conditions like hypothyroidism. Moisturizing and maintaining proper hydration can help prevent brittleness.3. Toenails with RidgesVertical ridges on the toenails are common with aging and are usually harmless. Horizontal ridges (Beau’s lines) that look like indented grooves may indicate trauma, illnesses like viral infections or heart disease, severe stress and more. If Beau’s lines appear one day, you should talk to your family doctor. Subtle bands or stripes running along the nail can also be a signal you need to eat more protein.4. Pitted ToenailsPitted toenails have small indentations or depressions in the nail surface. This condition is often associated with psoriasis, eczema, or alopecia areata. Treating the underlying condition can help improve nail health.The Most Common Toenail ConditionsBeyond shape and texture, toenails can be affected by various conditions that may cause discomfort or indicate a medical issue.1. Ingrown Toenailshttps://www.youtube.com/shorts/ZsFQqCkVf40Ingrown toenails occur when the edge or corner of a toenail (usually the big toe) grows into the surrounding skin, causing pain, redness, and swelling. Ill-fitting shoes are a common cause; when shoes are too tight, they squeeze the toes together, increasing pressure on the sides of the toenail toenail, which disrupts the natural toenail growth pattern and forces it into the skin. High heels or narrow-toed shoes are particularly problematic because they alter the natural position of the foot and toe alignment, leading to more friction and pressure on the nail. This can result in the nail digging into the surrounding tissue, exacerbating the risk of infection and discomfort.Additionally, improper trimming of toenails (e.g., cutting them too short or in a rounded shape) can also contribute to ingrown toenails, especially when combined with tight footwear.Sometimes, there may be a genetic component to ingrown toenails. Certain nail shapes and growth patterns are hereditary (i.e.: involuted toenails) and can make a person more prone to developing ingrown toenails.Chronic ingrown toenails may lead to infection, so it’s a good idea to visit a foot clinic at the first sign of discomfort. A chiropodist can safely treat the ingrown toenail - often without surgery. OnyFix is also a great, modern option that’s completely non-invasive and stimulates a normal nail growth pattern. Both of these services are performed by foot care professionals.https://www.youtube.com/shorts/LoCcoKOhV7E2. Fungal Toenails (Onychomycosis)Fungal infections can cause toenails to become thick, yellowish, and crumbly. This condition is common in people who frequently visit places where fungal infections breed, like moist, shared locker rooms and showers, public pools, nail salons and more. You can also get fungal toenail if you’re prone to athlete’s foot (which can then spread to the toenails). Older people, as well as people who wear shoes that trap foot sweat (and exacerbate it) are also more at risk. Keeping your nails clean and away from contagious areas is a key prevention tip.Antifungal treatments and maintaining good foot hygiene can help control fungal infections, but it’s important to see a foot specialist to properly treat it. It is difficult to treat fungal infections on your own (unless it's in the very early stages) because the infection occurs beneath the nail, making it hard for topical treatments to penetrate deeply enough to eliminate the fungi. The nail acts as a natural barrier, trapping the infection in the nail bed and protecting the fungus from over-the-counter creams or home remedies. Sometimes our nails being so protective can be a double-edged sword!A chiropodist or podiatrist can perform nail debridement (removing infected parts of the nail to allow proper treatment) before applying a prescription-strength topical antifungal medication.3. Discoloured ToenailsToenails can change colour due to various reasons. Here are some common discolourations that stray from the natural pink hue, and why it happens:Yellow or brown nails: Often a sign of fungal infection and accompanied by nail thickening. This can also be caused by wearing nail polish; the chemicals are absorbed by the structure of the nail, causing yellow staining.White spots: Can indicate several issues. They can happen due to minor trauma, kidney issues, yeast infections, cirrhosis, or they may signal something more innocent, like nutritional deficiency— often zinc. If your toenails are entirely white with no pinkish hue, it could possibly be anemia.Black, red or purple: Generally caused by trauma (subungual hematoma). The dark colour is essentially bruising underneath the nail. People often notice a black toenail after stubbing it or dropping a hard object on it.Trauma can also cause toenail damage, like cracked toenails. 4. Detached Toenails (Onycholysis)Sometimes your toenail can start to fall off, which can be alarming. Onycholysis occurs when the nail separates from the nail bed, often due to trauma, fungal infections, or psoriasis. Treatment depends on the underlying cause.5. Ram’s Horn Toenails (Onychogryphosis)This condition results in extremely thick and curved toenails that resemble a horn. It is more common in elderly individuals or those with poor circulation. Regular trimming and professional care from a chiropodist or podiatrist are essential for management.

January 30, 2025

Toenail conditions can cover a wide range of problems, each with its own set of symptoms. Typical causes and risk factors include wearing ill-fitting shoes over long periods, contracting contagious fungi, infections, cutting your toenails incorrectly, having poor circulation and more. Today we’ll talk about the 5 most common toenail conditions and what you can do to address each one. Nailed it! 5 Common Toenail ConditionsIngrown toenailsToenail fungusCracked/stubbed toenailsDiscoloured toenailsOnycholysisRisk Factors for Common Toenail ProblemsImproper nail trimming, such as cutting nails too short or rounding edges.Wearing tight or ill-fitting footwear that puts pressure on the toes.Frequent exposure to damp or moist environments - this leads to fungal infections, which can spread and worsen without treatment.Walking barefoot in communal areas, which increases exposure to fungi and bacteria.Trauma to the toes, such as stubbing or dropping heavy objects.Poor foot hygiene, leading to debris buildup and a more favourable environment for bacteria and fungi.Genetics, including naturally curved nails or a family history of nail issues.Poor circulation, which disrupts the natural toenail growth process and can lead to an array of toenail deformities and misshapen toenails.Medical conditions like diabetes or peripheral vascular disease, which impair circulation and healing. It's extremely important to attend regular appointments with a chiropodist or podiatrist if you have diabetes as even deceptively minor issues, like cracked toenails or ingrown toenails, can turn into diabetic ulcers when ignored. Psoriasis or other skin conditions affecting the nails.Weak or brittle nails caused by aging, poor nutrition, or overuse of harsh chemicals (too many cosmetic pedicures).Repetitive pressure on nails from activities like running or wearing high heels.1. Ingrown Toenailshttps://www.youtube.com/shorts/LoCcoKOhV7EIngrown toenails are one of the most common toenail problems, with some studies suggesting they affect 20% of patients who seek medical care for foot-related issues. They occur when the edges or corners of a toenail grow into the soft skin surrounding it. This leads to inflammation, swelling, and pain. The big toes are particularly prone to this condition due to their size and the pressure they endure during daily activities.Nails grow from the nail matrix, a layer of tissue beneath the cuticle that produces keratin, the protein that forms the nail. Healthy nails grow straight outward, following the curve of the toe. However, if the nail is cut incorrectly, exposed to excessive pressure and toe crowding in shoes, or grows irregularly due to genetics, its edges can deviate and pierce the surrounding skin.Once the nail edge enters the skin, the body identifies it as a foreign object. This triggers an inflammatory response, where blood flow to the area increases, causing redness, swelling, and pain. If bacteria enter the wound, infection may develop, leading to pus and further discomfort.Treatment for ingrown toenails depends on the severity of the condition and the individual’s needs. For mild cases, conservative care such as warm water soaks, antibiotic ointments, and proper nail trimming can help alleviate discomfort and prevent infection. Professional treatments offer more targeted solutions.OnyFix is a non-invasive option that uses a specialized band applied to the nail, gently guiding its growth to prevent future ingrown edges without the need for surgery. Medical pedicures, performed by a chiropodist or podiatrist, safely address ingrown nails by trimming and reshaping them with sterilized tools while maintaining overall nail health. For severe or recurrent cases, surgical interventions such as partial or total nail avulsion may be necessary to remove the problematic portion of the nail and ensure long-term relief. Consulting a foot care specialist is key to determining the most effective treatment plan.https://www.youtube.com/shorts/ZsFQqCkVf402. Toenail FungusFungal toenails occur when fungi infect the nail bed, causing changes in the nail's colour, texture, and thickness. The fungi thrive in warm, moist environments, which makes the toes a prime target, especially in people who wear tight shoes, sweat excessively, or walk barefoot in public areas. Over time, the nail may become discoloured (yellow, brown, or white), thickened, and brittle, and it may even begin to separate from the nail bed.Fungal infections can be persistent and difficult to treat due to the fact they’re essentially stuck under the nail. This means professional intervention from a chiropodist or podiatrist is necessary. They can apply topical antifungals after performing nail debridement (removing a part of the infection) so they have access to the nail.https://www.youtube.com/shorts/jo9Ro-iGU2s3. Cracked / Stubbed ToenailsCracked and stubbed toenails often coexist. They occur when the nail becomes brittle and breaks, often due to factors like dehydration, excessive moisture, or external pressure from tight shoes. The nail’s keratin structure weakens, leading to splits or fractures. Stubbed toenails, on the other hand, happen when the toe is forcefully struck, causing immediate pain and potential damage to the nail, which includes cracking.You can usually let your cracked toenails grow out naturally. If the nail is cracked due to sudden trauma and there is no other culprit at play, this will take about 6 to 8 weeks to start, and sometimes over a year to completely regrow properly. A chiropodist or podiatrist might be able to provide a remedy to encourage faster growth, and suggest the best footwear for your feet to avoid toe crowding and further nail damage.In the case of complications or a more sinister underlying problem, a foot specialist may partially or fully remove the nail (avulsion) or apply dressing to the area to prevent infection.https://www.youtube.com/shorts/lArn5KLnnSA4. Discoloured ToenailsDiscoloured toenails are more of a symptom than a problem. When the nail changes colour, it often reflects a problem with the nail, tissue beneath it, or your general health. Fungal infections, for example, commonly cause yellow or brown discoloration, as the fungi damage the nail and its growth. Trauma can also lead to discolouration, often presenting as a dark bruise (purple or black) due to blood pooling under the nail.Nail Discolouration Causes and Colours:Yellow: Fungal infections, thickening, aging.Black: Trauma or bruising beneath the nail, potentially accompanied by blood pooling.White spots: Trauma, fungus, allergies — generally harmless.Bluish/Pale: Circulation issues, anemia, or other health conditions.Treatment is difficult to discern as many factors may be causing discolouration. The best course of action is scheduling a foot assessment or nail care appointment with a chiropodist or podiatrist at a foot clinic.5. OnycholysisThis is a term for when your nail starts to separate from the nail bed. It often coexists with toenail fungus, psoriasis or trauma/toe injuries. Depending on the cause, you may need a full course of fungal toenail treatment at a foot clinic, or you may need to ask a specialist what’s causing the problem before they curate a treatment plan. As mentioned before, the detached portion of your nail will usually grow back on its own if it's separated because of trauma.https://www.youtube.com/shorts/QFWBwM6mGqMPrevention Tips for Common Toenail ProblemsTrim nails straight across and avoid cutting them too short.Wear properly fitting footwear that allows adequate toe room.Maintain good foot hygiene, including regular washing and drying of feet.Avoid walking barefoot in communal areas to reduce the risk of fungal infections.Keep feet dry, especially in winter, and use moisture-wicking socks to prevent fungal growth.Protect toes from trauma by wearing protective footwear in hazardous environments.Moisturize nails and cuticles regularly to prevent brittleness and cracking.Avoid harsh chemicals, including acetone-based nail polish removers.Monitor nails for discoloration, thickening, or unusual texture changes.Seek professional care from a chiropodist or podiatrist if you suspect you have a fungal infection. You can’t treat these at home.Seek professional care from a chiropodist or podiatrist if you notice persistent pain, redness, or swelling.Schedule foot assessments and regular medical pedicures with a chiropodist or podiatrist so they can keep an eye on your feet — four eyes are better than two!

January 23, 2025

There are plenty of myths about foot odor. From thinking it only happens in hot weather to assuming those who struggle with it must not bathe or shower, it’s a foot condition that can be difficult to understand and affect our confidence. You may also wonder if foot odor is a serious problem and when to see a foot specialist, like a podiatrist or chiropodist, about it. On the other hand, you may be able to tackle it on your own. Today we’ll talk in depth about when you might need some extra help with your foot odor.What is Foot Odor?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=meO8VW1yxJ4Foot odor is the unpleasant smell that arises from the feet. The main cause of foot odor is the excessive perspiration of the feet combining with bacteria, often occurring in areas where sweat accumulates the most, such as inside shoes or socks. This creates an ideal environment for bacteria to thrive.Fun fact: human sweat itself is almost entirely odorless! Odors arise when it interacts with bacteria present on the skin, particularly on the soles and between the toes, forming odorous substances. This breakdown process produces an array of compounds, including acids, ammonia, and sulfur-based compounds, which are responsible for the characteristic smell.Persistent Foot Odor Causes and How to Prevent Foot OdorOne condition that exacerbates foot odor is plantar hyperhidrosis, a condition where the sweat glands on the soles of the feet produce excessive amounts of sweat. When the feet sweat excessively, the increased moisture fosters a more conducive environment for the growth of bacteria, contributing to stronger foot odor.This is a medical condition that often requires intervention to manage the excess sweating. Treatment options include topical antiperspirants, double layered cotton socks and Anticholinergic creams. A podiatrist or a chiropodist can also recommend absorbent insoles and give you advice on how to practice proper foot hygiene, which should include washing with an antibacterial soap, thoroughly drying, and applying foot powder or antifungal powder.In addition to plantar hyperhidrosis, several other factors and health issues can contribute to foot odor:Fungal InfectionsFungal infections, such as athlete's foot, thrive in warm, damp environments, which is why sweaty feet are more prone to infection. These infections can cause itching, burning, and peeling skin, alongside a musty odor due to the fungus feeding on skin cells.DiabetesFoot odor can be a serious concern for individuals with diabetes, as it might signal an infected wound or a diabetic ulcer, particularly in the toes or feet. Due to reduced circulation and nerve damage associated with diabetes, wounds can go unnoticed, and the risk of infection increases. The presence of odor may indicate that an infection is developing, which requires prompt medical attention to prevent complications such as cellulitis or gangrene.Poor CirculationPoor circulation can lead to excessive sweating as the body tries to regulate temperature. However, insufficient blood flow also prevents the proper removal of toxins, causing a build-up of bacteria that contributes to foot odor. It’s important to try and improve your circulation as much as possible: one way you can do so is with exercises that help with circulation in the winter time.Hormonal ImbalancesConditions such as pregnancy, menopause, or thyroid disorders can cause hormonal changes that influence sweat production. These fluctuations in hormones can trigger excessive sweating, creating an environment that supports bacterial growth and results in stronger foot odor.Lifestyle and DietPoor foot hygiene or wearing shoes that do not allow the feet to breathe can trap moisture and heat, promoting bacterial growth that causes odor.It’s important to wear waterproof shoes, especially in the winter time, to ensure excess moisture doesn’t build up and disrupt a healthy shoe environment. Moisture wicking socks are another great way to be vigilant against foot odor, in addition to regularly changing your socks throughout the day and keeping your feet nice and clean, which we discussed earlier.Diets high in spicy foods, alcohol, or caffeine can also increase sweating and contribute to foot odor.https://www.youtube.com/shorts/R7GV0GbKhvQIs My Foot Odor A Serious Problem?In general, foot odor is harmless and can be managed with good hygiene. But it can become a serious issue when it signals an underlying health problem, especially if it's persistent, worsens over time, or has a particularly foul smell that differs from the typical cheesy, vinegary or sweaty smells we all recognize in foot odor. When combined with other symptoms such as redness, swelling, pain, or itching, it could indicate an infection like athlete's foot or cellulitis. If the odor is accompanied by open sores, blisters, peeling skin, or wounds that don't heal, it's important to pay attention to these signs as they may point to infections or worsening diabetic neuropathy that requires a prompt visit with a chiropodist or podiatrist. This is also crucial if your foot odour is accompanied by other concerning symptoms, such as a change in skin colour. Typically, it will be obvious if a pungent smell is radiating from a wound instead of just your feet, so in this case, treat the odor as an urgent matter. When To See A Foot Specialist For Foot Odorhttps://www.youtube.com/shorts/sBIdll7qylQIf you’re unsure whether your foot odor is linked to a more severe issue, it’s a good idea to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation, and see a chiropodist at a foot clinic.These experts can help identify the root cause of persistent odor, whether it’s fungal, bacterial, or linked to a medical condition like diabetes or plantar hyperhidrosis. They can also recommend effective options tailored to your specific needs, such as prescription topical solutions, high-quality creams and powders, advice on managing excess sweat, footwear recommendations, and more. Foot specialists are trained to spot subtle signs that might go unnoticed and can offer targeted solutions and tailored treatment plans that go beyond home remedies.Seeing a foot specialist can also help you better manage foot odor linked to chronic conditions. For example, if you have diabetes or poor circulation, a chiropodist can advise you on preventative measures to avoid complications like infection or wound degradation. If you’re experiencing frequent or severe foot odor, don’t wait for it to escalate—getting professional help early can ensure that any underlying issues are addressed promptly and effectively.

January 9, 2025

When it comes to health, foot care sometimes takes a backseat for men. However, neglecting this vital part of the body can lead to foot pain, skin and nail problems, reduced mobility, and more serious issues over time. Some foot conditions commonly seen in men are influenced by lifestyle, footwear choices, or other risk factors. That's why prioritizing men's foot health is essential for maintaining an active, pain-free life. In this article, we’ll explore three foot conditions that can disproportionately affect men, and discuss the best ways to treat them.Foot Conditions That Target MenGout Achilles tendinitisToenail conditionsAdditional foot conditions in menGouthttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2lQDihccUBgWhat is Gout?Gout is a type of arthritis caused by the accumulation of uric acid crystals in joints. Uric acid is a byproduct formed during the breakdown of purines, which are naturally found in the body and certain foods (e.g., red meat, seafood, and alcohol). Normally, uric acid is dissolved in the blood and excreted through urine. However, when the body produces too much uric acid or fails to excrete it efficiently, it can lead to hyperuricemia (high levels of uric acid in the blood).When uric acid levels exceed the threshold of solubility, needle-shaped urate crystals can form and deposit in the joints. This triggers the immune system and causes the painful inflammatory response characteristic of gout.Gout symptoms generally come in the form of severe and sudden flare ups ("gout attacks") that come and go, rather than a consistent, nagging pain like other conditions. It often feels like your big toe is hot or “on fire”. The pain can even signal your body to wake up from a deep sleep. Gout attacks cause swelling, redness, intense joint pain and affected mobility. While usually affecting the feet (typically starting in the big toe), it might also spread to other joints like the fingers, elbows, wrists, knees and ankles.Gout affects men more than women primarily because men naturally have higher levels of uric acid, which is the root cause of the condition. Estrogen, a hormone predominant in women before menopause, helps the kidneys excrete uric acid more efficiently. This offers women a protective advantage until estrogen levels decline after menopause. As a result, men can develop it at any stage of their lives, while women typically experience it post-menopause.How to Treat Gout?Gout is a metabolic disorder, and is managed through a combination of treatments and lifestyle modifications:Medication: Medications that reduce uric acid levels are often required to manage gout. These can be prescribed by your family doctor or rheumatologist. Medications like NSAIDs and corticosteroids can also help reduce symptoms by reducing inflammation.Exercise and Physical Activity: Recurrent gout attacks weaken and damage the joints over time. The best way to counteract this is to strengthen and condition the joints with a consistent fitness regimen. Not only will this help curtail progressive joint damage, stronger joints and muscles allows the body to better withstand our regular activities. This reduces joint strain, which interrupts the inflammatory response that triggers gout attacks in the first place. Diet: It is a myth that diet alone will cause gout. However, a healthy balanced diet with foods that are low in purines can help curb gout attacks. Some of the best foods to eat include poultry and eggs, nuts and legumes and leafy greens. It's important to avoid foods that contain high fructose corn syrup (i.e.: cola), red meat and other rich foods high in purines.Orthotics & Footwear: A chiropodist or podiatrist can help manage the joint damage caused by gout by recommending supportive footwear and prescribing custom orthotics. These treatments will address any biomechanical factors causing excess strain and pressure on the affected joints; this will in turn reduce the joint inflammation that can trigger gout attacks. Achilles Tendinitishttps://www.youtube.com/shorts/utLavyPDnqIWhat is Achilles Tendonitis?Achilles tendinitis is an overuse injury characterized by inflammation of the Achilles tendon, the thick band of tissue that connects the calf muscles to the heel bone. This tendon facilitates walking, running, and jumping by transmitting force from the calf muscles to the foot. Achilles tendinitis develops when the tendon experiences repetitive stress, microtears, and inadequate recovery, leading to localized inflammation, pain, and stiffness. The condition often arises from activities that involve sudden increases in intensity, duration, or frequency, such as running or jumping sports. It can also be caused or contributed to by weak, tight calf muscles. Research suggests that Achilles tendinitis may be more common in men, particularly those over 30 years old. This is because male recreational runners and athletes tend to burden the tendon with a greater load than their female counterparts. Men sometimes also have less flexibility in their calf muscles than women, which increases the strain on the Achilles during physical activity. Hormonal differences also play a role, as estrogen in women may provide some protective effects by enhancing tendon elasticity and reducing stiffness.How to Treat Achilles Tendonitis?Treatment for Achilles tendinitis includes strengthening the tendon and surrounding muscles by performing foot exercises and stretches, particularly ones that work the calf muscles.Shockwave therapy from a podiatrist or chiropodist at a foot clinic might also be an option for you. This is a non-invasive treatment that stimulates healing in soft tissues via high frequency sound waves from a special applicator.Speaking of foot clinics, another great way to manage Achilles tendinitis and prevent it from occurring again is getting fitted for custom orthotics by a foot care professional. You can also try high quality over-the-counter insoles from brands like Superfeet. Athletes and runners should also always wear supportive footwear that provides adequate shock absorption and arch support.Toenail Conditionshttps://www.youtube.com/shorts/Z6VYvI6CJQsSome men may be less likely to care for their toenails than women are. This leaves them more vulnerable to issues like ingrown toenails, cracked toenails or even toenail fungus. Men may also be less likely to receive treatments like medical pedicures, a comprehensive service performed by a chiropodist or podiatrist that not only cleans and trims the nails, but can be a great way to spot potential toenail issues.Neglecting regular trimming, cleaning, and moisturizing of the nails creates an environment where these problems can thrive, particularly when combined with factors like wearing tight or non-breathable footwear, engaging in strenuous physical activities, or ignoring early signs of discomfort. Therefore, regular nail care, including proper trimming techniques and maintaining foot hygiene, is essential for preventing these common nail issues.As far as toenail fungus goes, some men are more likely to spend time in areas where these contagious fungi thrive, like public showers, locker rooms and pools. It’s critical to wear protective footwear in these spaces, or avoid them entirely as much as you can. If you notice toenail fungus starting to grow under the nail (by way of thickened, brittle greenish-yellow toenails), you should seek treatment from a chiropodist or podiatrist right away, as most over-the-counter anti-fungal products from drug stores won’t work.Additional Foot Conditions That Affect Menhttps://www.youtube.com/shorts/VqEeU4Hrh3IPlantar FasciitisPlantar fasciitis is a condition caused by inflammation of the plantar fascia, a thick band of connective tissue that supports the arch of the foot and absorbs shock during movement. Overuse, prolonged standing, having flat feet or high-impact activities can lead to inflammation, triggering pain and stiffness, particularly near the heel. Men may be more susceptible to plantar fasciitis due to higher body weight, which increases strain on the plantar fascia. Greater participation in high-impact sports and physically demanding jobs that involve repetitive stress on the feet can also put men more at risk for plantar fasciitis. That said, plantar fascitiis is simply a very common condition that can target anyone. Treatment typically involves rest, stretching exercises for the calf and foot, and wearing supportive footwear and orthotics. Severe cases may benefit from physical therapy and anti-inflammatory medications.Foot OdourFoot odour, or bromodosis, occurs when sweat from the feet interacts with bacteria on the skin, producing a noticeable smell. The feet contain more sweat glands per square centimetre than any other part of the body, making them particularly prone to excessive sweating. Men may experience foot odour more frequently than women due to higher sweat production, more time spent in closed footwear, and less attention to foot hygiene. Prevention and treatment involve washing the feet daily, thoroughly drying them, and wearing moisture-wicking socks and breathable shoes. Deodorizing powders and sprays, as well as foot soaks can also help minimize bacterial growth and odour. We suggest trying these products from Gehwol, a reputable brand available to purchase at our Toronto foot clinic! https://www.youtube.com/shorts/TW9L0UMjLOw